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Plasma and the Universe - Dedicated to Professor Hannes Alfven on the Occasion of His 80th Birthday, 30 May 1988 (Hardcover, Reprinted from ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE, 144:1-2, 1988)
Carl-Gunne Falthammar, R. de Bibhas, Gustaf Arrhenius, Nicolai Herlofson, D. Asoka Mendis, …
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This monograph is based on four papers which have been published in
Astrophysics and Space Sciences 1970--1974. They contain the
results of our joint work started in 1968 at the University of
California, San Diego, in La Jolla. The work was based on the
belief that the complicated processes by which our solar system was
formed can only be clarified by close collaboration between
representatives of the physical and chemical sciences. Our
investigations have also been strongly supported by work at other
institu tions, especially by a group at the Royal Institute of
Technology, Stockholm, where a number of plasma experiments have
been made in order to clarify basic processes which are relevant to
cosmogonic problems. These experiments were, in their turn inspired
by theoretical work on primordial processes carried out during the
last thirty-five years. We especially want to acknowledge the
contributions by Drs N. Herlofson, B. Lehnert, C.-G. Fiilthammar,
and Lars Danielsson in Stockholm and by Drs J."
The Oxford Handbook of Population Ethics presents up-to-date
theoretical analyses of various problems associated with the moral
standing of future people and animals in current decision-making.
Future people pose an especially hard problem for our current
decision-making, since their number and their identities are not
fixed but depend on the choices the present generation makes. Do we
make the world better by creating more people with good lives? What
do we owe future generations in terms of justice? How should
burdens and benefits be shared across generations so that justice
prevails? These questions are philosophically difficult and
important, but also directly relevant to many practical decisions
and policies. Climate change policy provides an example, as the
increasing global temperature will kill some people and prevent
many others from ever existing. Many other policies also influence
the size and make-up of future populations both directly and
indirectly, for example those concerning family planning, child
support, and prioritization in health-care. If we are to adequately
assess these policies, we must be able to determine the value of
differently sized populations. The essays in this handbook shed
light on the value of population change and the nature of our
obligations to future generations. It brings together world-leading
philosophers to introduce readers to some of the paradoxes of
population ethics, challenge some fundamental assumptions that may
be taken for granted in the debate about the value of population
change, and apply these problems and assumptions to real-world
decisions.
The present analysis of the origin and evolution of the solar
system represents a fusion of two initially independent approaches
to the problem. One of us (Alfven) started from a study of the
physical processes (1942, 1943a, 1946; summarized in a monograph in
1954), and the other (Arrhenius) from experimental studies of
plasma-solid reactions and from chemical and mineralogical analyses
of meteorites and lunar and terrestrial samples. Joined by the
common belief that the complicated events leading to the present
structure of the solar system can be understood only by an
integrated chemical-physical approach, we have established a
collaboration at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), in
La Jolla, during the last seven years. Our work, together with that
of many colleagues in La Jolla, Stockholm, and elsewhere, has
resulted in a series of papers describing the general principles of
our joint approach, experimental results, and model approximations
for some of the most important processes. The present volume is a
summary of our results, which we have tried to present in such a
form as to make the physics understandable to chemists and the
chemistry understandable to physicists. Our primary concern has
been to establish general constraints on applicable models. Hence
we have avoided complex mathematical treatment in cases where
approximations are sufficient to clarify the general character of
the processes.
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